MU-COM Research Day
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Last Updated: 2021-10-22
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MU-COM Research Day is an annual showcase of the the research engagement of the students within the College of Osteopathic Medicine. Content on display are typically poster presentations along with faculty-led discussions of research projects. This event is coordinated by the MU-COM Research Club as well as the Faculty-led Research Club Committee.- Articulos totales
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265
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Trabajos (262)
31.Attitudes and Experiences of Frontline Nursing Home Staff Towards Coronavirus Testing
- Title Tesim:
- Attitudes and Experiences of Frontline Nursing Home Staff Towards Coronavirus Testing
- Creador:
- Hofschulte-Beck, Spencer, Blackburn, J, Hickman, S, Mack, L, and Unroe, K
- Related Url Tesim:
- Audio presentation: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=27dad656-b95b-4359-95cd-ac74012d2785
- Descripción:
- Older adults (65+) are at an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 and have higher incidences of adverse events. Nursing home residents are particularly vulnerable due to congregate living and the need for personal care. CMS has issued many guidelines on best nursing home practice and care since March of 2020. In June of 2020, the ISDH conducted statewide nursing home testing for all residents and staff. Objectives To assess the attitudes and beliefs of nursing home staff, regarding their experience with COVID-19 testing, working in a pandemic, and uptake of a future vaccine.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- Poster
- Palabra clave:
- nursing home staff, coronavirus testing, and attitudes
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 2020
32.Autocrine Notch receptor 3 signaling stimulates the proliferation and enhances the osteoclastogenic potential of multiple myeloma cells
- Title Tesim:
- Autocrine Notch receptor 3 signaling stimulates the proliferation and enhances the osteoclastogenic potential of multiple myeloma cells
- Creador:
- Halladay, David, Roodman, G., Bellido, Teresita, Delgado-Calle, Jesus, and Sabol, Hayley
- Descripción:
- Introduction. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer characterized by the expansion and accumulation of monoclonal malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). Interactions between MM cells and cells of the bone/BM niche play a critical role in MM onset and progression by promoting tumor growth, bone destruction, and resistance to therapy. We found that, upon contact with osteocytes, MM cells exhibit increased Notch signaling, a rapid upregulation of Notch receptor (NR) 3 expression, and increased proliferation rates. However, whether NR3 signaling contributes to MM cell proliferation, communication with osteocytes, and resistance to therapy is unknown. Objective. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of the genetic deletion of NR3 in 5TGM1 MM cells on MM cell proliferation, viability, and response to anti-MM agents. Methods. Murine 5TGM1 MM cells were transduced with lentiviral particles containing shRNA-scramble (control) or shRNAs targeting NR3 and were selected with puromycin. 5TGM1 cells transduced with shRNA-NR3 clone 1 exhibited a 50-60% decrease in NR3 mRNA expression and were selected for follow up studies. To study the consequences of NR3 silencing in MM cell function we used MTT and Trypan Blue exclusion assays, and RT-qPCR. Results. NR3 expression was undetectable in MM cells transduced with shRNA-NR3, whereas the expression of NR1 and NR2 remained unchanged compared to control cells. In addition, NR3 silencing significantly decreased the mRNA expression of Notch target genes and the pro-osteoclastogenic cytokine Rankl. NR3-silenced cells displayed a 15%, 25%, and 35% reduction in cell proliferation/number after 24h, 48h, and 72h of culture compared to control cells. These effects were associated with modest increases in the number of NR3-silenced dead cells (2% vs 10%, control vs shNR3, respectively). Next, we evaluated the response to treatment with a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) and bortezomib (BTZ), anti-MM agents, in both control and NR3- silenced cells. 72h treatment with GSI induced a 20-25% decrease in cell number and a 2-fold increase in cell death in both control and NR3-silenced cells. Treatment with GSI reduced the expression of Notch target genes, cyclin D1, and Rankl similarly in both control and NR3-silenced cells. In contrast, GSI did not affect the expression of NR1, 2 and 3. BTZ equally decreased (20-25%) the number/proliferation of control and NR3-silenced cells, an effect accompanied by a 2-fold increase in cell death in both cell lines. Conclusions. Our findings support that autocrine NR3 signaling in MM cells drives proliferation, favors survival, and enhances their osteoclastogenic potential by increasing Rankl expression. NR3 silencing did not alter the anti-MM efficacy of BTZ, suggesting that other NRs may contribute to Notch-mediated drug resistance in MM. Future studies will analyze the role of NR3 signaling in the communication between MM cells and osteocytes.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 11/22/2019
33.The Automated Discovery of Implied Causation Statements in Medical Research Literature: The Text-based Causation Signal "caused by"
- Title Tesim:
- The Automated Discovery of Implied Causation Statements in Medical Research Literature: The Text-based Causation Signal "caused by"
- Creador:
- Nallamala, Hinduja
- Descripción:
- The goal of the IMPLICATION project is to provide a tool that will keep the already busy Physicians or Scientists up to date on the latest discoveries, in their respective specialties by providing a faster way to access the latest material. The tool will automatically process text and extract from it critical information known as causation statements. These statements are identified with the help of causation signals, which are found in almost everything we read. A causation signal is a word or a phrase that links together the cause and the effect in a statement, and indicates the presence of causation in text. In this study, the causation signal "caused by" was identified in articles from PubMed. Using a pre-existing software tool, 300 abstracts were obtained from the PubMed database. The first fifty abstracts were used to identify the characteristics of causation statements and formulate the antecedent/consequent extraction rules, known as the pseudo-code extraction algorithm. To construct the algorithm, we used the process of iterative refinement: for each causation statement, the position of the signal "caused by" with respect to the antecedent and consequent was noted, which modified the pseudo-code, each time exceptions to the statement were observed. The common pattern observed in the initial set of statements was that the consequent occurred upstream of the signal while the antecedent occurred downstream of the signal. The pseudo-code extraction algorithm was tested on the rest of the abstracts to show its effectiveness. The algorithm correctly extracted the consequent 93.6% of the time and the antecedent 89.6% of the time. Using these results, the goal of identifying multiple chains of causation to provide Physicians and Scientists with accurate information quickly.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Palabra clave:
- causation signal, PubMed, automation, causation statements, and pseudo-code extraction algorithm
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 1/1/2016
34.Bacteremia and Cellulitis Secondary to Co-Infection with Myroides spp. and Providencia stuartii: A Case Report
- Title Tesim:
- Bacteremia and Cellulitis Secondary to Co-Infection with Myroides spp. and Providencia stuartii: A Case Report
- Creador:
- Reyes, Z, Ikerd, T, Skinner, B, and Peesapati, Meghna
- Related Url Tesim:
- Audio presentation: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=0ee9f781-6845-48c7-971b-adf7012165d9
- Descripción:
- • Myroides spp. are non-motile, aerobic, gram- negative bacilli that are traditionally opportunistic pathogens1. • P. stuartii is a urease-producing, gram-negative bacillus2. • Myroides infections have been reported 60 times to date. Only 15 of which involve cellulitis with 6 also progressing to bacteremia3. • Myroides has not been isolated with P. stuartii in a patient with bacteremia and cellulitis. • This is a novel presentation of 2 multi- drug resistant bacteria, causing a severe presentation of bacteremia and cellulitis.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- Poster
- Palabra clave:
- bacteremia, multi- drug resistant bacteria, Myroides spp., cellulitis, and P. stuartii
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 2021
35.The Basal Ganglia: Pathways and Movement Disorders
- Title Tesim:
- The Basal Ganglia: Pathways and Movement Disorders
- Creador:
- Christopher, Hannah and Dufeau, David
- Descripción:
- Context: Though anatomy is a vital part of a medical student’s education, three-dimensional visualization often ends in the laboratory, months into a medical student’s journey to becoming a physician. Many physicians would agree, continuing to apply both the physiology and anatomy to clinical situations is fundamental to one’s knowledge base of disease. Using three dimensional visualizations in medical student’s education may help to create a set of tangible clinical knowledge. The purpose of this study is to bridge the gap between physical and clinical anatomy pertaining to a somewhat difficult concept: the basal ganglia. Though small and tucked away, the basal ganglia are a source of many movement disorders. This project depicts both the normal function of the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, as well as Parkinson and Huntington Disorders for the education of medical students. We acquired CT data sets from the National Institute of Health's Cancer Imaging Archive and analyzed them using Amira, a three-dimensional analytical software suite available at the Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine 3D Visualization Laboratory. We exported the result of this project, the three-dimensional visualization of the basal ganglia and visual diagrams, to YouTube for presentation purposes.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Palabra clave:
- three-dimensional visualization, Amira, direct/indirect pathways, medical student education, and basal ganglia
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 11/10/2017
36.Beta-carotene Conversion to Vitamin A Delays Atherosclerosis Progression by Reducing Very-Low Density Lipoprotein Lipidation
- Title Tesim:
- Beta-carotene Conversion to Vitamin A Delays Atherosclerosis Progression by Reducing Very-Low Density Lipoprotein Lipidation
- Creador:
- Wu, Xiaoyun, Fisher, Edward, Barrett, Tessa, Lintig, Johannes, Amengual, Jaume, Pinos, Ivan, Zhou, Felix, and Abraham, Benjamin
- Descripción:
- A positive association between beta-carotene (BC)-rich food intake and a reduction in metabolic disorder incidence, including heart disease, is prevalent in humans. Similarly, preclinical research finds dietary BC supplementation to reduce atherosclerosis progression. These beneficial outcomes are attributed to the antioxidant effects of BC and/or its role as retinoic acid precursor, which is produced by the activity of the enzyme beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1). To ascertain how BC reduces atherosclero-sis progression, and the mechanisms involved we utilized Ldlr-/- mice lacking the en-zyme BCO1 (Bco1-/-). BC-fed Ldlr-/- mice showed a significant reduction in plaque size when compared to control diet, which positively correlated with a decrease in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels (approximately 35% for both). These mice showed delayed atherosclerosis progression, determined by the total macrophage (CD68+ cells) and lipid content (ORO staining) in the plaque, which could not be explained by the effect of vitamin A in the intestinal cholesterol absorption, measured using the fecal dual-isotope ratio method. We also observed for the first time that in the absence of BCO1 (Ldlr-/-/Bco1-/- mice), the beneficial effects of BC on atherosclerosis were abro-gated, implicating vitamin A production in atherosclerosis, and discarding any role of the parent BC in this process. To elucidate the mechanism of action behind the effects of BC on atherosclerosis progression, we used radioisotope labeling techniques to perform lipoprotein production assays in hepatocytes exposed to retinoic acid, the active metabolite derived from BC. We show that retinoic acid decreases VLDL cholester-ol and triglyceride lipidation (approximately 25% for both) without affecting VLDL particle number. Similarly, a single dose of retinoic acid was sufficient to reproduce the effects observed in cell culture, unveiling retinoic acid and its precursor BC as important modulators of VLDL secretion. Overall here we demonstrate that BC, a retinoic acid precursor in mammals, reduces atherosclerosis progression by reducing hepatic lipoprotein secretion, providing a mechanistic explanation to the positive effects of BC intake in humans.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 11/22/2019
37.Bone Grafting Technologies: Current and Prospective Therapies
- Title Tesim:
- Bone Grafting Technologies: Current and Prospective Therapies
- Creador:
- Snyder, Wililam
- Descripción:
- It is estimated that more than 500,000 bone grafting surgeries occur yearly in the US to repair or replace defects caused by trauma, tumor resection, pathological degeneration and congenital malformations. Significant progress has been made in recent years to increase the technologies available for treating bone defects; however, because the field is vast and rapidly advancing, it is opportune to survey the technologies currently available and highlight promising future strategies. We performed a comprehensive literature review and subsequently divided the field into three areas: autografts, which are the gold standard in bone grafting, where bone tissue is harvested from another location in the body; allografts, which are bone grafts taken from cadavers or animals, that avoid the risks associated with autografts such as infection and donor site morbidity but have a high propensity for failure; and intelligently-engineered bone graft substitutes designed to improve graft incorporation. We also highlight advances in 3D printing, incorporation of stem cells, growth factors, and biomaterial scaffolds into bone grafting technologies. Our work is a timely summarization of the field and will assist clinicians and scientists in designing appropriate treatment strategies for patients requiring bone grafts.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Palabra clave:
- literature review, Bone grafting technologies, autografts, and bone defects
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 1/1/2016
38.Bone loss after acute sex-hormone removal via gonadectomy prior to skeletal maturity most striking in male but not female animals
- Title Tesim:
- Bone loss after acute sex-hormone removal via gonadectomy prior to skeletal maturity most striking in male but not female animals
- Creador:
- Momeni, Nick , Deosthale, Padmini , Essex, Alyson , and Plotkin, Lilian
- Related Url Tesim:
- Audio presentation: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=82299818-74b9-42d3-bc68-adf70123117c
- Descripción:
- Menopause, an age-related loss of sex hormone production in women, is one of the most common causes of osteoporosis. Previous work has established that this loss of sex hormones, in particular estrogen, causes dramatic loss of bone volume and strength. Similarly, removal of sex steroids results in acute loss of bone mass in adult animals. Mouse models of sex steroid-deficiency include surgery removing the sex organs (orchidectomy, ORX, for males; ovariectomy, OVX, for females) are commonly used to understand the role of sex steroids in bone, but are typically preformed at animal maturity (16 weeks of age) and are analyzed six weeks post-operation. This study aimed to determine whether acute removal of the male or female sex hormones prior to maturity would impact the cortical and trabecular bone volume. Gonadectomy or sham operations were performed on mice at 11 weeks of age, and femurs were then harvested either 2 weeks (13 weeks of age) or 4 weeks postsurgery (15 weeks of age). Analysis of the cortical and cancellous bone volume of the femur were assessed by microCT. In cancellous bone, male animals two and four weeks ORX demonstrated decreases in the following parameters compared to sham operated, agematched controls (2 week; 4 week): bone volume (BV/TV, -70.9%; -86.6%), tissue mineral density (V-TMD, -8.69%; -17.9%), trabecular thickness (TbTh, -31.9%; -27.8%), and trabecular number (TbN, -57.5%; -81.4%). In cancellous bone, female animals two and four weeks OVX demonstrated decreases in the following parameters compared to sham operated, agematched controls: BV/TV (-61.2%; -41.0%), V-TMD (-30.7%; -15.6%), and TbN (-64.0%; -42.4%). In cortical bone, male animals four weeks ORX demonstrated decreases in the following parameters compared to sham operated, age-matched controls: cortical area (-13.8%), Endocortical bone surface (-7.10%), and TMD (-10.2%). In cortical bone, female animals four weeks OVX demonstrated decreases in only TMD (-7.50%) compared to sham operated, age-matched controls. In summary, the acute removal of sex hormones has a larger impact on cancellous bone in both males and females, with male animals showing increasing bone loss as time progressed. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms behind the progressive bone loss seen in males after sex hormone depletion.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- Poster
- Palabra clave:
- acute sex-hormone removal, Menopause, Osteoporosis, Animals, and gonadectomy
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 2021
39.Bone-derived Sclerostin has endocrine actions in adipocyte precursors and pancreatic beta-cells
- Title Tesim:
- Bone-derived Sclerostin has endocrine actions in adipocyte precursors and pancreatic beta-cells
- Creador:
- Nelson, Jessica, Ghazzawi, Ziad, Evans-Molina, Carmela, Thompson, William, Cregor, Meloney, Bellido, Teresita, Daniel, Ashley, Delgado-Calle, Jesus, Ferrari, Adam, Sabol, Hayley, and McAndrews, Kevin
- Descripción:
- Osteocyte (Ot)-derived Sclerostin (Scl) has local actions in bone mediated by Lrp 4/5/6 receptors, inhibiting bone formation and stimulating bone resorption by antagonizing Wnt signaling. Emerging evidence suggests that Scl also exerts functions in distant tissues. We report here that mice with activated β-catenin in Ots (daβcatOt) and mice lacking Lrp4 in Ots (Lrp4Ot), two different genetic mouse models that exhibit high se-rum Scl, display a 2-fold increase in whole-body fat and peripheral white (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue mass. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of Ot-derived Scl to the regulation of peripheral fat mass and glucose metabolism. To determine Scl’s contribution to the high fat phenotype, daβcatOt mice were crossed with SOST knockout mice. Deletion of SOST restored to control levels the elevated body-fat mass and WAT mass, but not BAT, in daβcatOt mice. In contrast, blockade of Scl signaling in bone via genetic deletion of Lrp4 in Ots, did not alter the elevated body fat displayed by daβcatOt mice, demonstrating that Scl actions on adi-pose tissue were not mediated by Scl actions on Ots. Consistent with direct effects of Scl on adipose tissue, treatment with recombinant Scl enhanced by 20% adipogenic differentiation of murine adipocyte precursors (preAd) in vitro, and increased the expression of mitochondrial related genes Pgc1a, Ucp1, and Prdm16 in preAds as well as in ex vivo fat organ cultures established from WAT. Further, Scl augmented mitochondrial respiration in preAds by inducing a 15% increase in maximal respiration and spare capacity, suggesting that Scl promotes adipogenesis in preAds by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Both models of high serum Scl, daβcatOt and LRP4Ot mice, also were hypoglycemic and exhibited impaired glucose tolerance com-pared to control littermates. Genetic deletion of SOST restored to control values the glucose levels in blood and glucose tolerance, showing that serum Scl regulates glucose metabolism. Further, Scl fully prevented the increase in insulin mRNA expression induced by Wnt3a in rat pancreatic β-cells and decreased by 45% insulin secretion induced by high-glucose media, demonstrating that Scl acts directly on pancreatic β-cells to impair insulin production. In concert, these findings demonstrate that Scl exerts endocrine actions in fat tissues and the pancreas to regulate body composition and glucose metabolism, respectively. Further, our results provide new evidence supporting that endocrine actions of Scl mediate the crosstalk between bone and fat and the pancreas.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 11/22/2019
40.Bone-derived Sclerostin Regulates Glucose Metabolism Via Endocrine Actions in Pancreatic β- cells
- Title Tesim:
- Bone-derived Sclerostin Regulates Glucose Metabolism Via Endocrine Actions in Pancreatic β- cells
- Creador:
- Nelson, Jessica, Evans-Molina, Carmella, Cregor, Meloney, Bellido, Teresita, Delgado-Calle, Jesus, Ferrari, Adam, and McAndrews, Kevin
- Descripción:
- Osteocyte (Ot)-derived Sclerostin (Scl), encoded by the SOST gene, regulates bone homeostasis by acting on osteoblasts, inhibiting bone formation and stimulating bone resorption. Emerging evidence suggest that Scl has additional functions in the regulation of glucose metabolism and fat mass. However, the data available is limited and contradictory, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Scl regulates whole-body energy metabolism remain unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that Ots, through the secretion of Scl, communicate with pancreatic beta-cells to regulate glucose metabolism. We first examined glucose metabolism in mice with constitutive activation of beta-catenin in Ots, a mouse model characterized by high levels of Scl in bone and serum. daβcatOt mice exhibited a decrease in fasted blood glucose levels, impaired glucose tolerance response, and increased sensitivity to exogenous insulin administration. To determine the contribution of SOST/Scl to the altered glucose metabolism exhibited by daβcatOt mice, we next generated daβcatOt mice with global deletion of SOST (daβcatOt;SOSTKO), along with SOSTKO, daβcatOt, and control littermate mice. SOSTKO mice exhibited increased fasted glucose levels and improvement in glucose handling with no changes in the response to exogenous insulin. daβcatOt mice displayed the expected low glucose levels and impaired glucose metabolism. Importantly, genetic deletion of SOST in daβcatOt mice restored fasted glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity back to the levels of control mice, supporting the notion that Scl contributes to the regulation of glucose metabolism. Further, we found in vitro that treatment with Scl decreases viability and insulin mRNA gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells. Altogether, these results suggest that endocrine actions of Scl mediate the crosstalk between bone and pancreas and regulate glucose metabolism through direct actions in pancreatic beta-cells.
- Declaración de derechos:
- http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
- Idioma:
- English
- Tipo de recurso:
- poster
- Fecha de Creacion:
- 11/9/2018