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... Healthcare camp for high school students enhances the understanding of foundations of osteopathic medicine, identifying implicit bias, and recognizing social determinants of health Elijah Liu, Alexa Neff, Mary Flanagan, Alexis Klink, Kasey Kruse, Joseph Vroegop, Ashley Orr, Brian Skinner, Julia Hum College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University, Indianapolis, IN Introduction Results Marian University, College of Osteopathic Medicine Conclusion * Efforts to reduce health disparities and increase access to underserved populations may be outpaced as populations diversify further. Early exposure of Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, Accessibility, and Belonging (DEIAB) initiatives within healthcare to high school students may improve perceptions of attainability as well as an understanding of equitable representation in healthcare. Marian University hosted a 5-day camp at the College of Osteopathic Medicine (MU-COM) for high school students to learn about a spectrum of health professions, with emphases on osteopathic principles and DEIAB-related health topics. Bolstering opportunities for high school students to be exposed to the diverse range of careers in healthcare and fostering DEIAB values along the way will serve the future of our healthcare system well. Total Number of Campers: Participants 63 Grade in School 9 Grade 1.6% 10 Grade 17.5% 11 Grade 34.9% 12 Grade 44.4% Freshman in College 1.6% Race/Ethnicity White or Caucasian 41.3% Black or African American 12.7% Asian, Native Hawaiian, 22.2% or Pacific Islander Hispanic, Latin, or Spanish 11.1% origin American Indian or Alaska 0.0% Native Other, Bi-/Multi-Racial 9.5% Prefer not to say 3.2% Gender Cisgender Male 34.9% Cisgender Female 58.7% Transgender Male 0.0% Transgender Female 0.0% Non-binary/Third gender 1.6% None of these describe me, 0.0% and I want to specify as: Prefer not to say 4.8% th th th th Methods The objectives for this project were assessed using preand post-camp voluntary, anonymous and confidential surveys. The study was reviewed and approved by the MU IRB (SU22.139). Campers completed Likert-scale questions and were asked to list careers in healthcare. A control group of campers were surveyed at the Marian University's Engineering Camp for high school students. Pre- and post-responses were matched, and statistical analyses were performed including a Wilcoxan SignedRank test to compare pre-survey and post-survey responses for the Likert-scale statements. Overall, campers at the healthcare camp demonstrated an enhanced understanding of osteopathic philosophy, implicit bias and social determinants of health compared to age-matched control campers. Control: 13 0.0% 0.0% 46.2% 53.8% 0.0% 76.9% 7.7% 7.7% 7.7% Acknowledgements 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 69.2% 23.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 7.7% Marian University's Healthcare Camp is made possible through the generous sponsorship by the Tom and Julie Wood Family Foundation. Recognizing members of MUCOM's Healthcare Camp planning committee, faculty, staff, student volunteers, and research team.  ...

... The Work-Life Balance in Germany vs. the United States Mikayla Christiansen, Ellie Johnson, Kylie Rose, Lucy Kempf Marian University THESIS STATEMENT Should Americans continue working long hours? Should Germans continue to utilize their vacation and leisure time? How does leisure time relate to proficiency and productivity? These questions are often thrown back and forth when considering a proper work-life balance. In our studies we have found that both countries economic status and industries succeed in different ways when it comes to productivity, innovation, and proficiency due to this balance. WORK-LIFE BALANCE The work-life balance: -balance between working hours and hours spent not at work. -good balance, spending the right amount of time working and the right amount of time at leisure, increasing productivity and proficiency. INNOVATION AND PROFICIENCY -Innovation policies that target a complete innovation cycle will succeed in creating economic growth that enhances the welfare of all citizens. -Three factors to creating economic growth and success: 1. Along with creating new industries, it is important to infuse existing industries with new ideas and technologies 2. Utilize public institutions so that innovation doesnt end with invention. 3. Enforce a constantly trained and productive workforce. -Germany does a great job at utilizing this cycle to sustain productivity and employment growth. -The US falls behind when it comes to creating a stable cycle. -Even though Americans may spend more time at their job each day leading to a higher productivity, German companies are essentially more innovative and proficient when it comes to their work. PRODUCTIVITY OF GERMANY AND AMERICA The Gross Domestic Product per hours worked America: 74.0 US dollars/hour worked America is 8% more productive Germany: 68.5 US dollars/hour worked The Gross Domestic Product per capita America: 76,291 US dollars/person America is 20% more productive Germany: 63,522 US dollars/person Average Annual Hours Worked America: 1,811 hours/worker/year Germany: 1,341 hours/worker/year America is working 470 hours more/person COMPARING WORK-LIFE BALANCED COUNTRIES PAID TIME OFF -German employees legally must be granted 24 days of paid vacation per year, based on a 6-day work week. -Since most only work 5 days, the legal amount would be 20 days per year. -In comparison to the United States, where there is no legal minimum amount of PTO. MATERNITY LEAVE -In Germany, maternity leave is paid for six weeks before birth and eight weeks after. -In contrast, the US is the only high-income country to not offer paid maternity leave on the Federal level. CONCLUSION -From our research, we concluded that Germany does have a better work-life balance for the average person -The difference essentially comes down to how well each country utilizes the time that they spend at work -Americans tend to spend more time at work allowing them to get things done at a quicker pace which leaves less time to focus on important things like their mental health. -Germans utilize their time wisely to provide quality innovative strategies by ensuring they are well rested and ready to do their best work. FRANCISCAN CONNECTION Time devoted to leisure and personal care: -Germany: 15.6 hours/week -America: 14.6 hours/week Employees working fifty hours or more a week: -Germany: 3.9% of employees -America: 10.4% of employees -Our research reflects the Franciscan Value of Responsible Stewardship. -Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as though you were working for the Lord. Colossians 3:23-24 -Being a responsible steward is to continue to work for the good of others and not get carried up in our work and the stress of our daily lives. EFFECTS OF WORKING LONG HOURS LITERATURE CITED -Can cause serious health issues, mental and physical -Interrupt healthy sleeping and eating schedules -Eventually leading to death USA; rise in hours worked, decline in GDP/hour worked Germany; decline in hours worked, rise in GDP/hour worked -https://hbr.org/2014/05/why-germany-dominates-the-u-s-in-innovation -https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1111&langId=en&intPageId=4546 -graphs are found at: https://www.oecd.org, the two charts, on: statista.de.com https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210518-how-overwork-is-literally-killing-us -https://www.medicalnewstoday.com -www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance -https://globalpayrollassociation.com/blogs/emea-1/germany-10-things-to-know-about-paid-timeoff#:~:text=There%20is%20a%20statutory%20vacation,year%20for%20most%20German%20employees. -https://www.urbanthier.com/blog/2021/10/important-differences-between-german-and-us-businessculture/#:~:text=An%20interesting%20difference%20between%20American,approach%20in%20business%20and%20socializa tion.  ...

... Education in Deutschland vs. America Cara Geoghagan, Emma-Grayce Shea, and Samuel Countryman Marian University Indianapolis Thi s Photo by Unknown Author i s licensed under CC BY-SA Thi s Photo by Unknown Author i s licensed under CC BY-SA-NC ABSTRACT WITH THESIS STATEMENT GERMAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS VS HIGH SCHOOL While compulsory education is a requirement in both Germany and America, Germany takes this mandate more seriously than America does. In this presentation, we will explain the differences in German and American school systems and how they compare. German Secondary Schools There are 2 levels of secondary school in Germany Various secondary schools within these 2 levels Exam required to get into any university American High Schools All students are required to go to high school At the age of 16 you option to drop out Several different college choices and not all require an entrance exam GERMAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS VS ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS German Primary Schools Public education free in all states Curriculum varies by state Homeschooling illegal in Germany Kindergarten not required Students only attend primary school for Grades 1-4 ( Grade 6 in Berlin and Brandenburg) Grades do not start until Grade 2 High school path must be decided on by Grade 4 Grading system starts in Grade 2 1-6 numerical grading system 1= very good, 6 = very poor American Elementary Schools Public education free in all states Some centralized curriculum (Core Curriculum) but can vary by state Students attend elementary school for grades Kindergarten 6th grade Grading system starts in Kindergarten A-F alphabetical grading system . GERMAN TRADE SCHOOLS Germany standardizes vocational training, U.S. has a decentralized approach to certification. German education balances university and trade skills, U.S. emphasizes college attendance. German VET system lowers youth unemployment, U.S. faces higher rates and turnover. Germany emphasizes apprenticeships, U.S. prioritizes traditional four-year college education. Germany's dual-track system combines classroom study with on-the-job experience, U.S. lacks standardization. Germany's strong industry-education partnership ensures practical-theoretical balance, U.S. lacks integration. Germany's standardized system supported by government, employers, and trade unions, U.S. lacks unification. Germany offers more apprenticeship opportunities, U.S. experiences lower participation and unfilled positions. GERMAN SCHOOL LEVELS TABLE REFLECTION/ FRANCISCAN CONNECTION Dignity of the Individual Using our place on Earth to empower others that we interact with, particularly in the form of the students that we work with through the KEC Applying for the Fulbright Scholarship using the teaching skills we learned through the KEC, we can successfully help students over in Germany or Austria find their individuality Thi s Photo by Unknown Author i s licensed under CC BY LITERATURE CITED "German Education System." Studying in Germany, www.studying-ingermany.org/german-education-system "German Universities and Colleges." EuroEducation, www.euroeducation.net/prof/germanco.htm "Secondary Education in Germany." German Culture, www.germanculture.com.ua/germany-facts/secondary-education-germany  ...

... Enchanted Narratives: How Fairy Tale Productions Shape Pop Culture in Enchanted Narratives: How Fairy Tale Productions Shape Pop Culture in Germany & America Germany & America Anne Hoffman. Taryn Miko. Sean Effron. Lynn Tan. Anne Hoffman. Sean Effron, Taryn Miko School of Global and Cultural Studies, Marian University Indianapolis College of Arts and Sciences, Marian University Indianapoli ABSTRACT & INTRODUCTION Germans want to include and remember their cultural identity and heritage, which is why there has been a substantial surge in Grimm's fairy tale adaptations made during the 20th century (Langenbach, 2020). In contrast, the United States, with its diverse cultural landscape, has embraced fairy tales from various origins, leading to a rich tapestry of adaptations that reflect the nation's multicultural heritage. Since the turn of the century, both countries have been nostalgic in certain ways, especially in fairy tales and their educational pieces (Wilcox, 2023). Figure One: A Fairytale Wedding (Reddit) AMERICAN ENTERTAINMENT Recent surge in adaptations for adults Once upon a Time & Grimm (Schwabe, 2016). Family adaptations with imaginary settings. Films containing intertwined stories from uncommon sourcesantagonist. Maleficent. Desire for known fate of characters (Wilcox, 2023). Family friendly. AMERICAN SOCIAL CONFLICTS Traditional fairy tale adaptations depict passive, helpless princesses waiting to be rescued by princes, and perpetuate harmful gender stereotypes. They often lacked diversity and rarely represented characters from diverse backgrounds. Today, they have been seeking to rewrite fairy tales that are more inclusive and include a much larger narrative of many different cultures and backgrounds. Figure Three: Graph by Jolene Ewert, (Montana State University) GERMAN HERITAGE PRESERVATION GERMAN CULTRAL IDENTITY German Fairy Tale films during the split between East and West were dominated by the Eastern Bloc, with explicitly Marxist morals applied (Blessing 2010). After the 2006 World Cup (Wlfel, 2015) a new sense of a positive German identity, and sense of nation, inspired a push for new German Fairy Tale films. Between 2008 and 2015, under the Rundfunk Brandenburg Berlin, and with the efforts of several production companies under the ARD, 34 one hourlong fairy tale films were produced and aired on television (Wlfel, 2015). This represents a major change in German sense of self: National narratives of morality and ideals can allow a positive sense of what is "German, representing a subtle revitalization of senses of nationalism in Germany. Figure Seven: Fairy Tale Route Germany (Maerchenstrasse) CONCLUSION American and German pop culture & the whimsical nature of fairy tales through retellings. Figure Four: The Fearless Four (Warner Bros.) Figure Six: The Four Musicians (IMDb) Figure Five: Town Musicians (Dreamstime) Figure Two: Popular Theme Parks (Statista) The Grimm Fairy Tales represent a major component of German national identity and were compiled with that intent. In this endeavor they "wanted to remind the Volk of their common identity but also reach the ruling elite" (Norberg, 2022). These fairy tales are now seen as a sanitary image of German REFLECTION / FRANCISCAN CONNECTION national identity, not tied to militarism or ethno-nationalism but Fairy tales were observed as a symbol of childhood, heritage, conflict, rather to linguistics. and hope. Every country has its own version of a fairy tale. The Despite this modern German interpretations of these fairy tales enduring usage of these stories really shows the power that a metaphor may feature "a number of changes which serve the and symbol can hold. In light of such potential, its important to individualization of characters and at the same time their remember the Franciscan value of dignity of the individual. Fairy tales integration into a more complex social structure (Wlfel, 2015). are just fairy tales, but its what humans do that turn stories into reality. US entertainment to frame life in a specific way: Optimistic journey of self-discovery. Archetypes (stereotypes and bias). German Grimm fairy tales are an iconic element of an old cultural legacy. These stories can be wielded as a tool to further ones own agendas by marketing morals and ideals in a familiar packaging. Figure Eight: Angry Frog (imgflip) LITERATURE CITED Wilcox, Brandy E. Of Walt and Wald: Power and Gender in East German and US-American Fairy-Tale Film Adaptations, The University of Wisconsin - Madison, United States -- Wisconsin, 2023. ProQuest, Zipes, Jack. Two Hundred Years after Once Upon a Time: The Legacy of the Brothers Grimm and Their Tales in Germany. Grimm Legacies: The Magic Spell of the Grimms Folk and Fairy Tales, Princeton University Press, 2015, pp. 10930. JSTOR ZIPES, JACK. The Grimms and the German Obsession with Fairy Tales. Fairy Tales and Society: Illusion, Allusion, and Paradigm, edited by RUTH B. BOTTIGHEIMER, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986, pp. 271 86. JSTOR Zipes, Jack. EPILOGUE: A Curious Legacy: Ernst Blochs Enlightened View of the Fairy Tale and Utopian Longing, or Why the Grimms Tales Will Always Be Relevant. Grimm Legacies: The Magic Spell of the Grimms Folk and Fairy Tales, Princeton University Press, 2015, pp. 18796. JSTOR Statista Research. (2023, January 5). EU film industry: Market share by country of origin. Statista. All in One Stroke: Grimms Fairy Tales and the TV ... - Centaur, centaur.reading.ac.uk/40874/2/4%20-%20Woelfel.pdf. Accessed 3 Nov. 2023. The Brothers Grimm and the Making of German Nationalism: Fifteen Eighty Four: Cambridge University Press. Fifteen Eighty Four | Cambridge University Press - The Official Blog of Cambridge University Press, 31 Mar. 202 The Meaning of Fairy Tale within the Evolution of Culture - Pbworks, wsufairytales.pbworks.com/w/file/fetch/75884834/25.2.zipes.pdf. Accessed 3 Nov. 2023. "The World's Most Popular Theme Parks." Forbes, 23 May 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2019/05/23/the-worlds-most-popular-theme-parks-in-2018-infographic/?sh=6049290e577a. Accessed 6 Nov. 2023. "Grimm's Fairy Tale Route in Germany." Deutsche Mrchenstrae, https://www.deutsche-maerchenstrasse.com/en/route/our-route. "Most Common Costume Types Historically Worn by Americans." maxcandocia.com, 2018, https://maxcandocia.com/article/2018/Oct/20/costumes-of-halloween/. "Angry Frog." imgflip.com, https://imgflip.com/i/2fqlux. No specific creator. "Untitled Photo." Pinterest, https://www.pinterest.com/pin/546554104749433360/.  ...

... An Educational Proposal: An Increase of Bilingual Schools in Indiana Abby Lemming & Lauren Wagoner College of Arts and Sciences, Marian University Indianapolis 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46222 ABSTRACT ECONOMICALLY Due to the benefits of bilingual education through cultural, economic, and pedagogical means, there should be more of these schools in Indiana. Immersion has been proved to be the most effective strategy for English-language learners, and through this immersion, cultural knowledge inherently increases. Seeing that the demand for bilingualism in the job market has exponentially increased in the past ten years, this implementation is crucial for Hoosier citizens. - job openings in California requesting applicants with bilingual skills almost doubled from 2010 to 2020 - the increase of the Hispanic-speaking population in Indiana is monumentally rising - emphasizing the pertinence in Indiana - retention of the second language is upheld more effectively - supporting the increase of bilingual academic programs in Indiana for immersion Figure 9. The Bar graph representation of job requests from Kallermans data analysis. INTRODUCTION Bilingual education benefits both Spanish speakers and non-Spanish speakers in the following ways: - Increases equity - Improves future job prospects - Promotes linguistic and cultural competence - Has pedagogical benefits CULTURALLY CONCLUSIONS PEDAGOGICALLY It is incontrovertible that it provides the advantage of learning another language and possibly the cognitive benefits of bilingualism. The over-riding conclusion from the available evidence is that bilingual education is a net benefit for all children in the early school years (Bialstok). 3a Figure 1. The visual representation of the increase of Hispanic-speakers in Marion County. Bilingual education does not need to lend solely to Hispanic speakers, but this population needs awareness in Indiana, as they amount for a decent portion (Purdue Center for Regional Development). SUPPORTING INFORMATION - partner language group has a higher chance of a better quality of life - increase in equity - the expectation for student growth and achievement stays the same Cultural Benefits of Bilingualism: - cognitive traits - increases employment opportunities - facilitates business trips abroad - biculturalism - acculturation - unity Figure 3a. Advantages of a 2nd Language. Lcole - French School of North Carolina, 4 Jan. 2023, lecoleraleigh.org/advan tages-of-a-2ndlanguage/. reading & thinking in two different languages ignites higher levels of critical thinking - elementary aged students are at the best age to retain a new language - there are 40 bilingual educational programs in Indiana Bilingual education is an irreplaceable tool to: - enhance the language of students create a community of immersion & cultural awareness, - prepare individuals for their future in the job Figure 2. This graphic shows primarily the function of multilingual immersion programs and how they cater to various groups in general, via Bay Area Council. In Indiana, the demand for bilingual employees will only increase with the Spanish-speaking population influx, so bilingual education should be a priority. LITERATURE CITED Hispanic Population Trends in Indiana and Implications for the Economy Purdue Center for Regional Development. Purdue Center for Regional Development Purdue Center for Regional Development, 27 Mar. 2023. Chestnut, Colleen E, and Vensa Dimitrieska. Implementing Indianas New Dual Language Immersion Programs: Educator Perspectives. Center for Evaluation & Education Policy, Mar. 2018. REFLECTION/ FRANCISCAN CONNECTION Dignity of the Individual is the best connection to this proposal because by implementing bilingual education, the wellbeing of a person holistically increases, as they gain awareness, a new language, and tools for their future.  ...

... Distinctions of Cultural Norms in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the United States Name: Juanita Rodriguez and Kyle McCreary | Date: 11/15/2023 | Professor: Dr. Castao Department of Languages and Cultures, Marian University Indianapolis 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46222 LIFESTYLE TESTIMONIALS Advance in Society LIFESTYLE Apartment Buildings and Shops The world evolves around money No houses, all apartments and shops Greetings and Good-Byes Transportation Handshakes, hugs Cheap, dependable, quality Family Dynamics Meals and Activities Spending time in front of the TV HEALTHCARE The night life, new foods, HAM! Las mejores cosas de la vida estn destinadas a ser compartidas. HEALTHCARE Medical Occupations Informality There are several more medical occupations in the United States. Public vs Private Medical Insitutions Surgery Quality, cost, efficiency in care Surgery regulations are very strict. Salaries Medical professionals in the United States make significant amounts of money. Clinics vs Hospitals No llevan tus ambos afuera de la clnica porque la gente va preguntarte por ayuda. Neighborhood institutions EDUCATION EDUCATION Cost Schooling Requirements Graduate school begins after high school. The cost of education is very expensive. Grading Scale On-Campus Life Everyone is a friend! The grading scale goes from 1-10. Life on campus is very active and engaging. Structural Differences Schooling Requirements There are several undergraduate degrees. Por qu estn aqu. There is typically one building with every major.  ...

... Marianismo against Women Janeth Imn College of Arts and Sciences, Marian University Indianapolis 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46222 THESIS El marianismo is a cultural ideology that affects the physical health, mental health and emotional well-being of a number of Latina women that live in the United States. INTRODUCTION Hispanic population is one of the fastest growing populations in the U.S based of the U.S. Census Bureau In 2020 there was a reported 63.7 million Hispanics 19% of total population 31.09 million are Hispanic women-> 18.5% of total women in U.S. With that increase there has been an increase in depression among Hispanic women due to many reasons such as el Machismo and el Marianismo MAIN POINT Physical Activity: As Latina women spend more time in the U.S., they see an increase in weight, decrease in exercise and activity (2) Many report that the reason is due to responsibility to family Why do they focus on their familys health but not their own? Mental Health: Marianismo associated with less psychological well-being (1) Marianismo is associates with increased depression, anxiety, and greater cynical hostility Emotional Wellbeing: Associated with increased negative cognitiveemotional factors (1) Many women practice selfsilencing to respect mens opinion Women are expected to be subordinate (1) SOLUTIONS Fig .1: Demonstrates the results of the 202o Census and how Hispanics make up 19% of the population GLOSSARY Marianismo- The role of women as family and home-centered; it encourages passivity, selfsacrifice, and chastity (1) Machismo- Is a set of values, attitudes, and beliefs about masculinity, or what it is to be a man.(1) Physical Activity: Finding activities that the whole family can do together Family practitioners telling them that they need to take care of themselves for their family instead of for themselves Mental Health: Therapy Emotional Wellbeing: Psychoeducation CONCLUSIONS Overall, though Marianismo as an idea where the women is pure and should live for her family is not inherently bad. People push it too far within the culture at the expense of the women where she is sacrificing her mind, body and soul for those around her. There should be a healthy balance where it isnt pushed upon women where they dont feel like failures if they do not follow the ideology perfectly. As overall as long as they are doing their best by their family that is enough. LITERATURE CITED 1. Nuez, Alicia et al. Machismo, Marianismo, and Negative CognitiveEmotional Factors: Findings From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Journal of Latina/o psychology vol. 4,4 (2016): 202-217. doi:10.1037/lat0000050 2. 3) DAlonzo, Karen T. The influence of marianismo beliefs on physical activity of immigrant latinas. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, vol. 23, no. 2, 2012, pp. 124133, https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659611433872. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Ikeda for her help with this research project by providing guidance throughout the whole process.  ...

... Massachusetts and Monaco Randall Schneider and Bethany Worrell College of Arts and Sciences, Marian University Indianapolis 3200 Cold Spring Rd, Indianapolis, IN 46222 ABSTRACT How does life compare between two of the richest, smallest places in the world? INTRODUCTION Randy will be covering life in Massachusetts, for the richest consolidated wealth in the United States. He will also discuss how individuals live in this East Coast haven. Bethany will be covering life in Monaco, including how it is operated today, and how it has become the millionaires playground. She will also discuss how individuals actively live in the dynamic city state. FINANCIAL COMPARISON Category Income Monaco (per year) $100,954 Massachusetts (per year) $81,744 Rent $66,305 $2,637 Utilities/Bills $2,244 $1,584 Food $9,192 $5,376 Transport $936 $1,080 MASSACHUSETTS BACKGROUND - 1620 Arrival of the pilgrims - 1788 Massachusetts becomes a state - Massachusetts in the 5th most expensive state in the US. - 10% poverty rate - Highest per capita income in the US - The wealthy are leaving MA for less populated states CONCLUSIONS Massachusetts has one of the best economies, but also the highest costs of living, in the U.S. The state is highly divided along class lines, with the creative class, service class, and working class all living in mostly separate communities and different ways of life.. Monaco is a beautiful country, known for extravagance and luxury. The inhabitants work hard to preserve that beauty, as it is truly a communal activity. Monaco is a one-of-akind destination that will always be entrancing to tourists, millionaires, and scholars alike. COMPARISON LITERATURE CITED MONACO BACKGROUND Founded 1297. Today, it is a City-State, ruled by Prince Albert II and a parliament The country is the same size as Central Park, NYC 0% Poverty Rate, and no personal Income tax. 38,682 residents---1/3 of which are millionaires, and only 6,000 are citizens. Known for wealth and extravagance Yachts and racing Extensive policing led to minimal crime rate, as well as minimal littering. REFLECTION/ FRANCISCAN CONNECTION Dignity of the Individual: In both countries, the people are what make it beautiful. Works Cited I spent 5 days in Monaco. Here's what life looks like in a land so wealthy it doesn't even track poverty rates. Business Insider India, 1 November 2019, https://www.businessinsider.in/slideshows/miscellaneous/i-spent-5-daysin-monaco-heres-what-life-looks-like-in-a-land-so-wealthy-it-doesnt-eventrack-poverty-rates-/slidelist/71855536.cms#slideid=71855539 . Accessed 29 September 2023. Lin, Tom. How does it feel like working in Boston? Quora, https://www.quora.com/How-does-it-feel-like-working-in-Boston . Accessed 29 September 2023. Living in Monaco | An Expat Guide. Nomad Capitalist, https://nomadcapitalist.com/expat/living-in-monaco-expat-guide/ . Accessed 29 September 2023. Poverty rate in Massachusetts in the United States from 2000 to 2022. Statistica, https://www.statista.com/statistics/205475/poverty-rate-inmassachusetts/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20approximately%2010.4%20p ercent,lived%20below%20the%20poverty%20line. Accessed 3 November 2023.  ...

... Invasive Neurostimulation: Advantages and Disadvantages for Managing and Monitoring of Epilepsy Eleri Miller M.S., Dr. LaFontaine PhD Epilepsy in the Population Application to Patients Current Neurostimulatory Devices Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders and is characterized by the recurrence of unprovoked seizures. It affects over 70 million people worldwide, 3.4 million in the U.S. alone, and it is estimated 1 in 26 people in the U.S. will develop the disease at some point in their lifetime (Epilepsy Foundation). Classification Classification of Epilepsy requires a complex diagnosis with no gold standard method. It is based on epilepsy type, seizure type and syndrome. The current need for further intervention in Epilepsy treatment is made clear by the amount of refractory cases to pharmacological management. With 2/3 of epilepsy able to be properly managed with treatment, 1/3 is considered drug resistant (DRE). DRE is associated with higher morbidity and mortality and can have a significant negative impact on a patients quality of life. The 3 major neurostimulatory devices on the market today: Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) focal and refractory seizures Brain-responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) focal and refractory seizures Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) focal and refractory seizures The 3 main seizure types include: Focal (60%), Generalized (40%) or Unknown. DBS. Photo by Zephyr/Science Library The use of an implantable device in the treatment of epilepsy is found to be beneficial for three major reasons: Unknown is a result of the combination of both focal and generalized seizures, or symptom presentation without evidence of focal or generalized onset. 1. Understanding the onset of seizures for preventative care, and as a means to better control and respond to future seizures 2. Lack of side effects 3. Effective treatment for drug-resistant patients Digital EEGs are used for automated seizure event detection. While an event is occurring, intracranial EEG recordings can rapidly detect spikes to more closely pin down the area affected. Alexander N Pisarchik, PhD Adapted from CHI Neurological Institute of Epilepsys website Future direction Closed-loop systems (i.e. RNS): With real life data being sent to physicians directly, it allows for better communication between parties to improve effects and provide a base to build upon for further research. Advanced neuroimaging technologies and Brain Mapping: Creating views of a patients individual anatomical and physiological brain circuitry to improve the current systems and decrease the outside neural interference with these devices. References Carvill, G. L., Dulla, C. G., Lowenstein, D. H., & Brooks-Kayal, A. R. (2020). The path from scientific discovery to cures for epilepsy. Neuropharmacology, 167, 107702. Dalkilic, E. B. (2017). Neurostimulation Devices Used in Treatment of Epilepsy. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 19(2), 7. Laxer, K. D., Trinka, E., Hirsch, L. J., Cendes, F., Langfitt, J., Delanty, N., Resnick, T., & Benbadis, S. R. (2014). The consequences of refractory epilepsy and its treatment. Epilepsy & Behavior, 37, 5970. Adapted from International League Against Epilepsys educational website. Lin, Y., & Wang, Y. (2017). Neurostimulation as a promising epilepsy therapy. Epilepsia Open, 2(4), 371 387. Thijs, R. D., Surges, R., OBrien, T. J., & Sander, J. W. (2019). Epilepsy in adults. The Lancet, 393(10172), 689701.  ...

... Using Micro-CT and CAD to Analyze Safety Factor of Mouse Tibia Paul Chappell, Addison Gepfert, Kyung Kang PhD Marian University E.S Witchger School of Engineering, Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine Abstract Traditional mechanical tests, such as a three-point bending, compression, and torsion, are common methods to measure macro mechanical properties, however, such tests do not provide spatial stress distribution in bones. Since signals released from mechanosensitive osteocytes control neighboring bone-forming and bone-resorbing activities, region-specific mechanical stress is considered as a key contributor to local bone remodeling and may have the potential to be scanned and analyzed with accurate and useful methods. Objectives The objective of this project is to determine whether microCT scans of a mouse bone may be converted into a meshed (solid) model and analyzed to predict regional stress, displacement, and safety factor to further understand the behavior of osteocytes under varying loading stress. In this research project, a 3-point bending stress will be added to a tibia with Autodesk Fusion 360. Next, using Paraview, slices will be taken of the tibia along the Z axis. The slices will show the varying safety factor of the data as well as only the maximum safety factor value. The number of data that is at the maximum safety value will be counted and graphed leaving a graph visualizing the strength of various parts of the tibia. Methodology Results Conclusion Computer simulation has been utilized to predict the stress, though many of such research articles did not sufficiently demonstrate region-specific data with various loading cases. Therefore, this project proposes to use widely used Computer-Aided Design (CAD) engineering software to estimate spatial stress distribution in long bones under various loading conditions. This research summarizes how CAD software (Fusion 360, Autodesk) can visualize stress distribution inside a long bone under various loadings. First, a series of micro-CT DICOM scans of a mouse tibia and femurs were converted into a single STL file using 3D Slicer (open-source software). Then, the STL file was imported into Fusion 360 and converted into a meshed, solid model. A static stress analysis is run on the solid bone model under axial compression, torsion, and bending forces. For the static stress analysis, users can define materials property, constraints (fixations) and loading conditions, such as type, direction, and magnitudes of loading. The computation results demonstrate that Fusion 360 provides the estimated stress, as well as the displacement (deformation) and safety factors (relative stress) in the entire bone model. The models are then exported to a data visualization software (Paraview) where the entire bone model is sliced along an axis to reveal the safety factor throughout the slice. Then, another analysis is completed that reveals parts of the slice that characteristically had the maximum safety factor. Finally, the number of data points of each slice that had maximum value was plotted on a linear graph to display the safety factor of each slice. Z= 10 Z= 8 Using the technique provided, stresses of the whole bone were computed under various loading conditions (axial compression, torsion, 3-point bending, etc.) using Fusion 360. We next showed that the regional stress distribution could be better visualized on any cross-sections of choice. Finally, all computed data was transferred further to Paraview and plotted with a key factor in a longitudinal direction. Our project showed that we can estimate and quantify stresses inside bones using CAD software. The graph indicates which slices of the bone are the strongest under the given pressure. The slices were adjusted to show only the data points that had maximum safety value. We can then compare how this strength changes with varying pressures and conditions. This research has allowed us to develop a process of applying pressures to bones virtually and learning more about the behavior of a mouse tibia. We believe that this method will be a useful tool to provide the regional stress distribution inside bones under different loadings and/or genetic conditions without needing more bone samples, which will potentially give better insight into stress region-specific behavior of osteocytes. Z= 12 Z= 14 Z= 8 Z= 12 Z= 10 Z= 14  ...