MU-COM Research Day

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MU-COM Research Day is an annual showcase of the the research engagement of the students within the College of Osteopathic Medicine. Content on display are typically poster presentations along with faculty-led discussions of research projects. This event is coordinated by the MU-COM Research Club as well as the Faculty-led Research Club Committee.
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101. Employment of the Novel Laser Direct Alignment Radiation Reduction Technique (DARRT) for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access

Title Tesim:
Employment of the Novel Laser Direct Alignment Radiation Reduction Technique (DARRT) for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Access
Créateur:
Yang, Patrick, Smith, Jason, Baldwin, D. Duane, Shen, Jim, Keheila, Mohamed, Cheriyan, Salim, and Abourbih, Samuel
La description:
Context: Patients with large staghorn calculi are commonly treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). PCNL access can be technically challenging and has potential to result in significant radiation exposure to both the patient and surgeon. In an attempt to reduce radiation exposure during PCNL, a novel laser Direct Alignment Radiation Reduction Technique (DARRT), combined with ureteroscopic direct visualization, was developed. With this technique renal access is guided by a laser beam sight placed upon the C-arm to assist in proper alignment during needle insertion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to utilize the novel technique and review the operative outcomes in the initial 15 patients who underwent PCNL. Design: The surgeries were performed at a large academic medical center by a single surgeon. Methods: The first 15 patients who underwent the Laser DARRT were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data were recorded for each patient such as stone burden, degree of hydro- nephrosis, and skin to stone distance. Primary surgical outcomes were fluoroscopy time required for percutaneous renal access and total procedure fluoroscopy time. Secondary outcomes included operative time, estimated blood loss, retreatment rate and stone free status. Patients with residual fragments 4 mm were considered to be stone free. Results: There were 8 male and 7 female patients. Median patient age was 44 years (range 24-82) and stone burden staghorn calculi. The grade of hydronephrosis was minimal in 40% of patients, mild in 14%, and moderate in 46%. The skin to stone distance was 12 cm (5.1-17.4). Access fluoroscopy time was 7 seconds (1.6- 34.5) and total fluoroscopy time was 10 seconds (5-52). The operative time was 180 minutes (118-431), the estimated blood loss was 75 mL (25-350) and the hospital stay was 3 days (1-7). 12 out of 15 patients (80%) were rendered stone free postoperatively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of the Laser Direct Alignment Radiation Reduction Technique for PCNL. Using this technique, total fluoroscopy time was reduced to a median of 10 seconds. This technique employs conventional fluoroscopic techniques which are familiar to most urologists and allows the surgeon to significantly reduce radiation exposure to their patients as well as operating personnel.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
laser Direct Alignment Radiation Reduction Technique (DARRT), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), and fluoroscopic techniques
date créée:
11/11/2017

102. Establishing Relevant ADC-based Texture Analysis Metrics for Quantifying Early Treatment-Induced Changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Title Tesim:
Establishing Relevant ADC-based Texture Analysis Metrics for Quantifying Early Treatment-Induced Changes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Créateur:
Loman, Kelly, Mowery, Yvonne, Hoang, Jenny, Chang, Zheng, Craciunescu, Oana, Peterson, Bercedis, Li, Xuechan, Yoo, David, Nawrocki, Jeff, and Brizel, David
La description:
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify which texture analysis metrics calculated from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) provide quantifiable measures of tumor physiology changes. We discerned which imaging metrics were relevant using baseline agreement and variations during early treatment. Methods: For selective patients with stages II-IV HNSCC, ADC maps were generated from two baselines, taken 1 week apart, and one early treatment scan, obtained during the 2nd week of curative-intent chemoradiation therapy. Regions of interest (ROI), consisting of primary and nodal disease were drawn onto resampled ADC maps. Four 3D texture matrices describing local and regional relationships between voxel intensities in the ROIs were generated. From these, 38 texture metrics and 7 histogram features were calculated for each patient, including the mean and median ADC. Agreement between the two baseline measures was estimated with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). For each metric with an ICC≥0.80, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to test if the difference between the mean of the baselines and the early treatment was non-zero. Results: Texture analysis was implemented on nine patients that had both baselines and early treatment images. Due to baseline agreement, only 9 of the 45 metrics had an ICC ≥0.80, including ADC mean and median. Six of these 9 metrics had a p-value < 0.05. Only 1 of the 9 metrics remained of interest, after applying the Holm correction to the alpha levels: the run length non-uniformity metric (p = 0.004) in the Gray Level Run Length Matrix. Conclusion: The feasibility of texture analysis is dependent on the baseline agreement of each metric, which disqualifies many texture characteristics. However, metrics with high ICC have potential to provide additional quantitative information for the assessment of early treatment changes for HNSCC.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
texture analysis metrics, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)
date créée:
1/1/2016

103. Evaluating the Impact of Slavery on Health Disparities: Elevated Rates of Illness in the African American Community

Title Tesim:
Evaluating the Impact of Slavery on Health Disparities: Elevated Rates of Illness in the African American Community
Créateur:
Foley, Kash’Mir
La description:
“The legacy of slavery still shadows the American health-care system The inequalities of the health system were built in from the beginning,” said former Harvard College Dean Evelynn M. Hammonds. The legacy of slavery as a persistent issue in the U.S. healthcare system is a complex and deeply rooted problem that stems from historical injustices and systemic inequalities. This issue manifests in various ways, including disparities in health outcomes, access to healthcare, and the overall well-being of African Americans. The roots of this issue trace back to the era of Slavery, where ancestors of African Americans endured harsh living conditions, inadequate nutrition, and limited access to basic healthcare. Slaves faced a higher susceptibility to diseases, leading to negative health outcomes and higher mortality rates. This not only affected slaves, but continues to affect African American descendants negatively. In the modern healthcare system, the legacy of slavery is reflected in persistent health disparities between African Americans and white Americans. Several factors contribute to these disparities, including socio- economic inequalities, lack of access to quality healthcare, discriminatory practices, and historical mistrust of the healthcare system among African Americans. These persistent health disparities among African Americans in the U.S. are deeply intertwined with the historical legacy of slavery. Recognizing and addressing this legacy is essential for creating a more equitable and just healthcare system. Submitted as part of the BMS-515 Public Health and US Healthcare System course for MUCOM Research Day.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
Poster
Mot-clé:
African Americans, health disparities, systemic inequality , healthcare access, and slavery
date créée:
2023

104. An Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of the White River Waterways: Water Sampling (Poster 1)

Title Tesim:
An Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of the White River Waterways: Water Sampling (Poster 1)
Créateur:
Ahmad, Azeem, Lisek, Nicole, Medernach, Kevin, and Akbar, Samina
Related Url Tesim:
Audio presentation: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=b07177b4-af9d-4c30-9cb2-adf701231f53
La description:
The dramatic increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistant (AR) genes in numerous bacterial species has been a heavily discussed topic within the scientific community. Antibiotic resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to an individual’s health and is an ongoing area of research with a variety of public health implications. Antibiotic resistant genes can lead to the development of “super bugs” which can become immune to currently used antibiotics. This leads to much more severe infections, difficulties in properly treating those infections, and can result in long lasting health complications. There are several factors responsible for the development of these “super bugs,” namely over prescription and the spread of medical and agricultural runoff in natural environments. This runoff exposes bacteria to antibiotics and allows them to develop resistance and spread rampantly between non-pathogenic and pathogenic bacteria. Identifying local reservoirs that house these AR bacterial strains has become pertinent. The white river watershed flows through thousands of miles of streams and local drainage areas providing drinking water to residents of central Indiana. The Nina Mason Pulliam Ecolab (NMPE) at Marian University is part of this specific watershed. This Ecolab provides a prime environment in which different bacterial strains can thrive. This provides a crucial medium for the mixing, evolution, and spread of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. Gathering and studying water samples from the NMPE will provide insight into the prevalence of multidrug resistance genes. Previous research at MU-COM has found bacteria carrying multiple drug resistance (MDR) in the Nina Mason Pulliam EcoLab (NMPE) watershed. In the summer of 2020, 87.5% of the samples collected exhibited multiple drug resistance.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Type:
Poster
Mot-clé:
Bacteria, Water Sampling, White River Waterway, and Antibiotic Resistant Genes
date créée:
2021

105. Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of White River Waterways: Kirby-Bauer Assays (#2)

Title Tesim:
Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria of White River Waterways: Kirby-Bauer Assays (#2)
Créateur:
Carrasco, Alejandro J. OMS-2, Akbar, Samina PhD, and Johnson, Brooklynne OMS-2
Related Url Tesim:
Audio presentation available: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=8b7b5b03-e3fa-4eae-9a4c-adf7011a958e
La description:
Antibiotic resistance is not only a major threat to public health, with more than 700,000 deaths per year, but also has serious economic impacts.1 Nosocomial- acquired antibiotic-resistant infections have well-established patterns, while community-acquired antibiotic-resistant infections are relatively unpredictable and continue to increase annually, throughout the United States. A major source of concern includes local waterways and water supply.1-3 The White River water system is a dominant waterway in Indianapolis, supplying drinking water to most of the city, and providing an entry point to sampling community bacteria, such as in the Nina Mason Pulliam EcoLab. In order to assess the level of antibiotic resistance present within this environment, purified bacterial isolates were analyzed with 18 commonly utilized clinical antibiotics.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
Poster
Mot-clé:
Bacteria, Antibiotic Resistance, Kirby-Bauer Assays (#2), and White River Waterways
date créée:
2021

106. Evaluation of hypoglycemia resulting from hyperglycemic clamps

Title Tesim:
Evaluation of hypoglycemia resulting from hyperglycemic clamps
Créateur:
Sims, Emily, Neyman, Anna, Amir, Uroosa, and Moors, Kelly
La description:
Hyperglycemic clamps are used as a gold standard measurement of beta cell function, allowing for measurement of a biphasic insulin response. Under this technique, the plasma glucose concentration is raised to a target concentration of 200 mg/dL by exogenous infusion of dextrose. The target glucose concentration is sustained by regular titration of the dextrose infusion rate. An adverse event commonly associated with hyperinsulinemic clamps or arginine infusions is post-clamp hypoglycemia (blood glu-cose <60mg/dL). However, hyperglycemic clamp testing of nondiabetic individuals has not traditionally been associated with this outcome. In a recent study of beta cell function in nondiabetic individuals at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes and unrelated controls, we observed hypoglycemia in 11/67 clamps post discontinuation of dextrose infusion. We hypothesized that demographic or clamp related factors may be associated with hypoglycemia in the 60 minutes after discontinuation of dextrose infusion. Three non-diabetic populations were analyzed: islet Ab negative first-degree relatives of T1D pro-bands (n=19), Ab positive relatives of T1D probands (n=5), and healthy controls with no family history of T1D and undetectable Abs (n=15). Demographic factors (study group, age, BMI, sex, HbA1c, fasting glucose) and clamp factors (average glucose infusion rate during the clamp, maximum glucose infusion rate during the clamp, urine glucose, and urine volume) were compared among those who became hypoglycemic and those who did not. Intraindividual variability of post clamp hypoglycemia was also evaluated in those who had two clamp visits (n=27). Ten (25.64%) participants exhibit-ed hypoglycemia (average glucose of 50.97 mg/dL) in at least one clamp visit and 29 (74.36%) were normoglycemic (average glucose of 81.07 mg/dL) during the 60 minutes after discontinuation of dextrose. No differences were present in rates of hypoglycemia between participant groups. The mean HbA1c (5.009%) of participants who developed hypoglycemia post-clamp was lower than the mean HbA1c (5.195%) for participants who were normoglycemic after the clamp (p value=0.0403), however absolute differences were small and significant overlap existed between both groups. We did not detect significant differences between hypoglycemic and normoglycemic participants for any other demographic or clamp factors analyzed. With regards to patients with 2 available clamp visits, of the 8 subjects who developed hypoglycemia, only one experienced it during both visits. Hypoglycemia is not uncommon after hyperglycemic clamp testing. Hyperglycemic clamp testing should include universal post-clamp glucose monitoring, as no clear demographic factors could be used to identify risk of hypoglycemia.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
article
date créée:
11/22/2019

107. Examining LRP4’s Capacity to Participate in Inhibitory WNT Signaling in Bone Cells

Title Tesim:
Examining LRP4’s Capacity to Participate in Inhibitory WNT Signaling in Bone Cells
Créateur:
Shadmand, Mehdi, Lucas, Tyler, Kelly, Madison, Hum, Julia, and Sharma, Curren Robling, Alexander
La description:
Context: In states of health, bone mass is sustained in a coordinated effort by osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. WNT signaling through low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (LRP5/LRP6) is one of the central signaling pathways that aids in controlling bone homeostasis. A prominent antagonist of the WNT signaling pathway is sclerostin. Low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 4 (LRP4) is required to facilitate sclerostin-mediated inhibition of LRP5/LRP6. Clinically, mutations in LRP4 (R1170W and W1186S) which diminish its ability to bind sclerostin result in bone overgrowth. The mechanism by which LRP4 participates in this process is unknown. In vitro experiments suggest that LRP4 physically binds sclerostin and presents it directly to nearby LRP5/LRP6. Objective: Delineating the mechanistic function(s) of LRP4 is important because if LRP4 directly provides sclerostin to LRP5/LRP6 then interfering with this process represents a potential therapeutic intervention for promoting anabolic bone formation. Design: Genetic cloning is currently underway to fluorescently tag LPR5, LRP6, LRP4 and the LRP4 missense mutation (R1170W) for FRET/FLIM microscopy experiments. FRET/FLIM microscopy will be used to examine the live in vitro signaling dynamics of LRP4. Results: We expect to determine if LRP4 co-localizes with LRP5 or LRP6 in living bone cells, whether this co-localization is sclerostin dependent, and whether the LRP4 missense mutation affects this interaction. Our results will characterize the novel role LRP4 plays in sclerostin-mediated WNT inhibition and capacity to effect bone mass.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
low-density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5/6 (LRP5/LRP6), sclerostin, bone mass, and WNT signaling
date créée:
11/10/2017

108. Examining Sudden Cardiac Death in High School Competitive Athletes: An Overview of Contributing Etiologies, Prevalence, Screening, and Participation Guidelines

Title Tesim:
Examining Sudden Cardiac Death in High School Competitive Athletes: An Overview of Contributing Etiologies, Prevalence, Screening, and Participation Guidelines
Créateur:
Tom, Cory and Gelfman, Daniel
La description:
Sudden cardiac death (SCD), is a relatively rare but dangerous occurrence for athletes across the globe. Increasing attention has been drawn to the condition, especially for the likes of highly competitive athletes. Current research provides insight into common etiologies and screening recommendations, without addressing the specific population of high school aged competitive athletes. The likely etiologies and screening recommendations for high school athletes have been reviewed to provide information to physicians and medical students about the practicality of testing for conditions that may contribute to SCD. The prevalence of SCD is examined, along with which sports contribute to higher likelihood of developing sudden cardiac death. An in-depth literature investigation was performed to review structural abnormalities, along with inherited arrhythmias to determine which of these have a strong potential to develop into sudden cardiac death. Each etiology is presented with characteristic symptoms, activity recommendation, and possible results from testing, to allow sufficient understanding to practitioners commonly performing pre-participation physicals for high school athletes. Proper screening and participation guidelines were also reviewed to aid in recognition of etiologies and further decision making regarding whether an athlete can compete in their respective sports or not. This information can be utilized in the decision-making process for screening young competitive athletes, and proper guidelines for participation can be given to limit the number of cases of sudden cardiac death in this population.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
date créée:
11/9/2018

109. Experience with and Perception of Research Among First Year Osteopathic Medical Students

Title Tesim:
Experience with and Perception of Research Among First Year Osteopathic Medical Students
Créateur:
Zahl, Sarah, Kirby, Conor, Kisby, Glen, Nallamala, Hinduja, Kaneshiro, Kelly, Lowery, Jonathan, and Nguyen, Victoria
La description:
There are limited data regarding the level of research experience and/or interest among osteopathic medical students despite a rapidly increasing enrollment and expansion of the number of osteopathic medical schools. A 2016 study of first year osteopathic medical students at WesternU/COMP and WesternU/COMP-NW indicated that 81% of respondents had prior research experience and 75% were either currently doing research or were interested in doing research during medical school. In the present study, we extended that survey to Marian University in order to determine the level of research experience and interest among first-year osteopathic medical students. Based on a response rate of 41%, an overwhelming majority of respondents reported prior research experience (>80%), with 13% of those students having garnered peer-reviewed publication(s). This is consistent with a strong perception of research being valuable, with 96.92% indicating some level of importance and 27.69% indicating "very" or "extremely" important. Interestingly, fewer respondents (53.34%) are either currently participating in research or affirmed interest in performing research during medical school, with the highest level of interest in clinical research (32.37%) followed by basic science (20.23%). Regarding incentives that might encourage participation in research, respondents prefer monetary compensation (40.19%) and/or extra credit in courses (39.25%). Reported barriers to performing research include possible negative impact on coursework (65.93%) and preference for other extracurricular activities (23.08%). Although a majority of the students (81.54%) reported awareness that research opportunities are available at MU-COM, fewer (50.79%) were aware of whether opportunities exist in their specific field of interest. Our findings indicate a strong positive perception of research among MU-COM students and highlight opportunities for improved communication of availability and enhancement of the research environment through incentivization and/or removal of perceived barriers.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
osteopathic medical students, MU-COM, perception of research, level of research experience, incentivization, WesternU/COMP-NW, and peer-reviewed publication
date créée:
11/10/2017

110. Experience with and perception of research among first year osteopathic medical students

Title Tesim:
Experience with and perception of research among first year osteopathic medical students
Créateur:
Ogunbekun, Oladipupo, Zahl, Sarah, Jackson, Krista, and Lowery, Jonathan
La description:
There are limited data regarding the research experience and/or interest among osteopathic medical students despite a rapidly increasing enrollment and expansion of the number of osteopathic medical schools. A 2016 study of first-year osteopathic medical students at WesternU/COMP and WesternU/COMP-NW indicated that 81% of respondents had prior research experience and 75% were either currently doing research or were interested in doing research during medical school. Here, we extended that survey to Marian University College of Osteopathic Medicine to determine the research experience and interest among first-year osteopathic medical students. Based on a response rate of 55.69%, a majority of respondents reported prior research experience (91.34%), with 19.49% of those students having garnered peer-reviewed publication(s). This is consistent with a strong perception of research being valuable, with 98.81% indicating some level of importance and 47.62% indicating "very" or "extremely" important. Interestingly, fewer respondents (71.95%) are either currently participating in research or affirmed interest in performing research during medical school, with the highest level of interest in clinical research (28.13%) followed by basic science (20.7%). Regarding incentives that might encourage participation in research, respondents prefer monetary compensation (46.25%) and/or extra credit in courses (29.38%). Reported barriers to performing research include possible negative impact on coursework (62.18%) and preference for other extracurricular activities (16.81%). Although a majority of the students (85.71%) reported awareness that research opportunities are available, fewer (56.09%) were aware of whether opportunities exist in their specific field of interest. Our findings indicate a strong positive perception of research among MU-COM students and highlight opportunities for improved communication and enhancement of the research environment through incentivization and/or removal of perceived barriers
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
date créée:
11/22/2019