MU-COM Research Day

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MU-COM Research Day is an annual showcase of the the research engagement of the students within the College of Osteopathic Medicine. Content on display are typically poster presentations along with faculty-led discussions of research projects. This event is coordinated by the MU-COM Research Club as well as the Faculty-led Research Club Committee.
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91. Effect of Suboccipital Release on Pain Perception and Autonomic Reflex Responses to Ischemic and Cold Pain

Title Tesim:
Effect of Suboccipital Release on Pain Perception and Autonomic Reflex Responses to Ischemic and Cold Pain
Créateur:
Schmale, Trenton, Rodimel, Benjamin, Metzler-Wilson, Kristen, Wilson, Thad, Schaub, Andrew, Krause, B., and Vrable, Abby
La description:
Introduction: In 2012, approximately 19 million adults in the U.S. used some form of manipulative treatment as part of their overall healthcare. Suboccipital release (SOR) is a commonly used manual medicine technique of the head and neck. SOR and related techniques are also used to treat pain from tension-type and migraine headaches. The clinical effects of SOR are purported to be mediated via the autonomic nervous system, but similar to many manual techniques, the neurophysiological data in this area are sparse. Thus, the effects and mechanisms of SOR are unclear and not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of SOR on the cardiovascular system during cold pain and ischemic pain. Methods: 16 healthy subjects (8 women, 8 men) experienced ischemic (forearm post-exercise muscle ischemia; PEMI) and cold (hand cold pressor test; CPT) pain. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR; ECG), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; finger photoplethysmography), baroreflex sensitivity (transfer function analysis), and pain perception were measured. SOR or a sham (modified yaw; 30 cycles/min) was performed in the final minute of pain. To probe potential mechanisms and interactions between manual treatment and a prototypic analgesic, oral aspirin (967 mg) was given 60 min prior to testing to reduce prostaglandin synthesis. Results: PEMI increased MAP by 23±2 and 20±2 mmHg; no differences occurred with the addition of SOR or yaw. PEMI modestly elevated HR during ischemia, followed by a significant reduction from baseline with SOR (-3±2 bpm) and yaw (-4±2 bpm); no differences were observed between treatment and sham. CPT increased MAP (SOR=11±1, yaw=9±2 mmHg) and HR (SOR=10±2, yaw=8±3 bpm) prior to SOR and yaw. Neither treatment nor sham blunted MAP increased (SOR=25±2, yaw=22±2 mmHg) with CPT; both decreased HR (SOR=-3±2, yaw=-2±2 bpm) from baseline. PEMI and CPT caused increased pain without treatment modulation. SOR decreased baroreflex sensitivity in the 0.05-0.15 Hz range and increased it in the 0.15-0.35 Hz range compared to yaw. Aspirin slightly attenuated pain but did not alter cardiovascular changes to PEMI and did not interact with SOR or yaw. These data indicate that “hands-on” interventions during acute pain and SOR post-pain have the capacity to modulate certain pain-induced autonomic effects. Conclusion: The primary findings of this study are that acute hypertensive conditions caused by experimental pain were not modulated by SOR, but HR responses were decreased during both SOR and a “hands-on” sham technique. The changes in BP and blood flow due to pain were not altered by the SOR treatment. However, baroreflex sensitivity was altered in both the low and high frequency ranges during the recovery period after experimentally induced pain, regardless of the type of pain. These data indicate that “hands-on” interventions during acute pain and SOR post-pain have the capacity to modulate certain pain-induced autonomic effects.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
presentation
date créée:
11/22/2019

92. Effects of Aging on Muscle Hypertrophy

Title Tesim:
Effects of Aging on Muscle Hypertrophy
Créateur:
Herber, Jake and Bertocci, Loren
La description:
Context: Skeletal muscle is essential for proper bodily functions by playing key roles in strength and movement, and it accounts for roughly 50% of our total body mass. Decreases in total muscle mass or mass-specific function would be expected to have a magnified negative impact. Sarcopenia, an age-dependent loss of motor nerves, leading by necessity to a coincident loss of muscle mass, would have exactly this kind of effect. Results: This age-dependent disorder may be the result of aberrant mTOR signaling, irregular miRNAs content, malnutrition and lack of activity, and age-related inflammation. It may be possible to reduce the effects of sarcopenia via strength training, as well as increasing daily intakes of protein, essential amino acids, and fish oils. Combining the consumption of whey protein, which is high in leucine, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids with strength training resulted in increases in muscle mass and strength. Objective: This review examines the existing causes and effects of age-related sarcopenia, as well as methods that might ameliorate problems associated with age-related sarcopenia.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
date créée:
11/9/2018

93. Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Title Tesim:
Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy
Créateur:
Herber, Jake and Bertocci, Loren
La description:
Context: Skeletal muscle is essential for proper bodily functions by playing key roles in strength and movement, and it accounts for roughly 50% of our total body mass. Decreases in total muscle mass or mass-specific function would be expected to have a magnified negative impact. Sarcopenia, an age-dependent loss of motor nerves, leading by necessity to a coincident loss of muscle mass, would have exactly this kind of effect. Results: This age-dependent disorder may be the result of aberrant mTOR signaling, irregular miRNAs content, malnutrition and lack of activity, and age-related inflammation. It may be possible to reduce the effects of sarcopenia via strength training, as well as increasing daily intakes of protein, essential amino acids, and fish oils. Combining the consumption of whey protein, which is high in leucine, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids with strength training resulted in increases in muscle mass and strength. Objective: This review examines the existing causes and effects of age-related sarcopenia, as well as methods that might ameliorate problems associated with age-related sarcopenia.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
date créée:
11/22/2019

94. The Effects of Elongation Strain on Human Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells as a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Title Tesim:
The Effects of Elongation Strain on Human Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells as a Model of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Créateur:
Tanchevski, Michael, Hiland, Taylor, and Delery, Elizabeth
Related Url Tesim:
Audio presentation: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=ecd4178c-59e8-4373-9f32-adf701230328
La description:
1.5 million reported traumatic brain injuries (TBI) per year with varying degrees of severity that inflict injury at the cellular level. The Choroid Plexus (CP) plays a significant role in brain homeostasis. The CP has also been severely understudied in the context of TBIs.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
Poster
Mot-clé:
Human Choroid Plexus Epithelial Cells, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Elongation Strain
date créée:
2021

95. Effects of Hypothyroidism on Articular Cartilage in Juvenile Swine

Title Tesim:
Effects of Hypothyroidism on Articular Cartilage in Juvenile Swine
Créateur:
Morscher, Melanie, Steiner, Richard, Weiner, Dennis, Adamczyk, Mark, Childs, Robin, Yang, Julianne, Bundy, Joshua, and Landis, William
La description:
Context: This research may provide insight into human articular cartilage development, repair mechanisms, and diseases such as arthritis. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the proximal femur articular cartilage from hypothyroid-induced juvenile miniature swine to control animals. Design: This study is a randomized control trial (RCT). Setting: All procedures and housing were IUCUC approved; n=4. Methods: Two juvenile male, 11-week-old miniature swine were administered 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) via drinking water to induce hypothyroidism; two control animals were identical in age and sex. The articular cartilage from proximal femurs harvested from 25-week-old animals were analyzed with histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and histomorphometry. Histology analyzed tissue morphology and proteoglycan content, IHC assessed types II and X collagen, and histomorphometry measured articular cartilage tissue height and cell density. Nested mixed effects ANOVA with α = 0.05 examined histomorphometry data. Results: Hypothyroid articular cartilage displays increased proteoglycan and decreased type II collagen staining patterns and intensities, compared to controls. Type X collagen is absent in hypothyroid and control articular cartilage, but it is present in control growth plate cartilage. Mean tissue height is increased (2337.0 ± 132.8 μm vs 1076.1 ± 132.7 μm, p = 0.021) and mean cell density is decreased (27.6 ± 1.0 cells/cm2 vs 31.0 ± 1.0 cells/cm2, p = 0.016) in hypothyroid articular cartilage, compared to controls. Conclusions: Hypothyroidism in juvenile miniature swine yielded histomorphometric changes in articular cartilage mean tissue height and mean cell density, and different proteoglycan and type II collagen staining, compared to controls. These data suggest delayed progression of articular cartilage development in hypothyroid animals and support the theory that thyroid hormones are fundamental to articular cartilage growth and development.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
date créée:
11/9/2018

96. Effects of Whole-Body Heating on Skin Blood Flowmotion in Rosacea

Title Tesim:
Effects of Whole-Body Heating on Skin Blood Flowmotion in Rosacea
Créateur:
Toma, Kumika, Eaton, Emily, Metzler-Wilson, Kristen, Wilson, Thad, Jurovcik, Andrew, and Sammons, Dawn
La description:
30-60 min. Changes in SkBF spectral power in VLF and LF ranges from baseline to heating were determined using fast-Fourrier transform. Both groups increased spectral power within both the VLF and LF ranges. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with rosacea trended toward greater changes in LF SkBF spectral power (1.48 ± 0.68 vs. 0.31 ± 0.34 au, for rosacea and control, respectively; p=0.08). There were no significant differences in the change in VLF SkBF spectral power between groups (p=0.14). These data indicate that individuals with rosacea may have alterations in sympathetic but not vascular endothelial mechanisms of control of facial SkBF during symptom-triggering systemic heat stress.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
rosacea, symptom-triggering heat stress, and skin blood flow (SkBF)
date créée:
1/1/2015

97. Efficacy and Benefits of Augmented and Virtual Reality Based Learning during COVID-19

Title Tesim:
Efficacy and Benefits of Augmented and Virtual Reality Based Learning during COVID-19
Créateur:
Born, Gabriella, Harmon, Lauren, Caruso, Jessica, and Dufeau, David
Related Url Tesim:
Audio presenataion: https://marian.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=c4a51fa5-448d-409b-91f8-ac740043385c
La description:
• Traditional medical education typically consists of two years of didactic, lecture-based education {Years 1 and 2), as well as two years of clinical clerkships and patient interactions {Years 3 and 4) • December 2019: COVID-19 (highly contagious virus) ➔ global pandemic ➔ closure of schools o COVID-19 has led to extensive disruption of medical education and training, causing urgency to implement and develop solutions to combat this educational disturbance o Considering the COVI0-19 pandemic, it is important to be prepared for and adapt to new methods of learning in education o Virtual-reality and augmented reality (VR/AR) provide a promising future for the enhancement of medical education • Objective: This review aims to evaluate the benefits and efficacy of augmented and virtual reality, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic • Methods: Using several peer-reviewed, randomized trials, we review the advantages of implementing VR/AR into medical school education
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
Poster
Mot-clé:
COVID-19, vitrual reality, and medical education and training
date créée:
2020

98. Elucidating the Antagonistic Relationship Between Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Signaling Pathways in Osteoprogenitor Cells

Title Tesim:
Elucidating the Antagonistic Relationship Between Bone Morphogenetic Protein and Activin Signaling Pathways in Osteoprogenitor Cells
Créateur:
Chlebek, Sylvia, Arthur, Jon, Newby, Jordan, and Lowery, Jonathan
La description:
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mineral density due to the rate of bone resorption exceeding that of bone formation. Substantial evidence indicates the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway promotes bone formation through action of the effectors SMAD1/5/8 while the Activin pathway negatively influences bone mass through action of the effectors SMAD2/3. Recent studies from our lab suggest that BMP and Activin ligands regulate bone mass in a see-saw-like mechanism via competition for a shared pool of receptors, i.e. receptor-level competition. In the present study we seek to test this hypothesis in vitro via signaling responsiveness assays using pathway-specific western blot analyses in the osteogenic cell line W-20-17. We first confirmed that W-20-17 cells respond to exogenous stimulation by BMP2 and Activin-A. Then, we administered recombinant versions of naturally-occurring extracellular ligand traps for BMP2 or Activin ligands (Noggin and Follistatin, respectively) to examine basal antagonism between these pathways. This revealed that, under basal conditions, SMAD1/5/8 activation is repressed by Activin signaling; interestingly, the converse relationship was not observed. To determine the molecular mechanism allowing for this relationship, we treated W-20-17 cells with SB431542, which is an intracellular inhibitor of Activin signaling that functions downstream of receptor engagement, and found no effect on SMAD1/5/8 activation. Collectively, our results suggest Activin-mediated repression of BMP signaling is ligand-dependent but occurs upstream of SMAD2/3 activation. Current studies seek to identify the specific Activin ligand(s) responsible for this effect; gene expression analyses indicates that W-20-17 cells express multiple Activin subunits including Inhβa and Inhβb. Additionally, overpression studies are ongoing to determine if receptor-level competition is involved in mediating these effects. Collectively, our study seeks to elucidate the mechanism(s) that regulate antagonism BMP and Activin signaling pathways to identify novel opportunities for safer and more effective therapies for low bone mass in humans.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
antagonism BMP, Osteoporosis, Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), and Activin signaling pathways
date créée:
11/10/2017

99. Elucidating the Antagonistic Relationship Between Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Activins in the Skeleton

Title Tesim:
Elucidating the Antagonistic Relationship Between Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Activins in the Skeleton
Créateur:
Arthur, Jon and Lowery, Jonathan
La description:
Osteoporosis is a disease that results from changes in bone mineral density (BMD). In the United States, over 10 million people have low BMD and have an increased risk for fractures, hospitalization and mortality. BMD is the sum of bone formation and bone reabsorption. A growing body of evidence indicates that the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway promotes bone formation through action of the effectors SMAD1, 5, and 8 while the Activin pathway negatively influences bone mass through action of the effectors SMAD2 and 3. Recent studies from our lab suggest that BMP and Activin ligands regulate bone mass in a see-saw-like mechanism via competition for a shared pool of receptors. Design: In the present study we seek to test this hypothesis in vitro via signaling responsiveness assays using pathway-specific transcriptional reporters and western blot. Proof of principle experiments were carried out in the non-skeletal cell line HEK293 and current work utilizes the osteogenic cell line W-20-17. Results: We first used western blots to confirm that HEK293 cells specifically respond to BMP2 and Activin-A treatment by increasing levels of activated SMAD1, 5, and 8 or SMAD2 and 3, respectively. We then performed dose response assays utilizing increasing concentrations of each ligand to identify the ECmin and ECmax for each ligand. These data informed our reporter assays, which were confirmed to be specific to either BMP or Activin pathway activation with no cross-activation observed. Current studies are extending these preliminary findings to W-20-17 cells where we will perform competition assays between BMP and Activin ligands to examine the role of receptor-level competition in determining the ratio of these two pathways. We hope that elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the antagonism between these pathways will identify novel opportunities for safer and more effective therapies to treat low BMD in humans.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
Mot-clé:
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Activin, Osteoporosis, and bone mineral density (BMD)
date créée:
1/1/2015

100. Elucidating the Molecular Signatures Associated with Elevated Bone Formation Rate

Title Tesim:
Elucidating the Molecular Signatures Associated with Elevated Bone Formation Rate
Créateur:
Jestes, Kelli, Jackson, Krista, and Lowery, Jonathan
La description:
Osteoporosis is a disease of decreased bone density that occurs when bone resorption exceeds bone formation, thereby placing individuals at greater risk of fracture and disability. We previously reported that deletion of the Bmpr2 gene in embryonic skeletal progenitor cells causes substantially elevated bone density in young adulthood and reduced age-related decline in bone density, likely due to elevated bone formation rate. Thus, these mice may serve as a novel model in which to explore the mechanisms regulating bone formation in the aging skeleton. Here, we performed transcriptome profiling and identified a concise gene signature associated with elevated bone formation rate in Bmpr2 mutant mice, with 120 transcripts up-regulated and 131 transcripts down-regulated. Candidate-driven qRT-PCR provided secondary confirmation of this dataset. Notably, only 8 of these differentially-expressed transcripts have been previously implicated in bone physiology (Pak4, Rpl38, B2m, Fgf1, Nmu, Phospho1, Smpd3 and Inbe), thus representing potentially novel regulators of osteoblast function in the aging skeleton. Additionally, we sought to examine the cell communication events that are associated with elevated bone formation rate. Using protein samples from control and mutant mice, we took advantage of recent advancements in high-throughput phospho-profiling antibody arrays, which allow simultaneous detection of >1,300 targets using very small quantities of protein. These results indicate that the phosphorylation status of at least 86 signaling effectors is differentially regulated in Bmpr2 mutant mice as compared to control littermates, including numerous proteins known to regulate osteoblast differentiation and/or activity. Collectively, our work highlights novel factors associated with elevated bone formation rate and may identify new opportunities for treating low bone density in humans.
Declaração de direitos:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
La langue:
English
Type:
poster
date créée:
11/9/2018