1. The Problem. “Proportionate means,” “ordinary means,” “the principle of double effect,” “moral certitude,” and “proximal material cooperation” are some of the philosophical concepts used in medical ethics. Oftentimes, well-intentioned clinicians misunderstand or misapply these concepts – or worse, they think that ethics is too complex and should be left to professionals. 2. The Solution. The Clinical Conscience Support Tool takes challenging, abstract concepts and translates them in a clinical context. This tool is designed to act like a good system ethicist - when you ask the right medical questions you can arrive at a morally sound conclusion. 3. The Technique. This is a tool designed to help form the provider’s conscience and to assist with patient counseling. This is not an “ethics algorithm” or a “decision tree.” Rather than forcing a physician/nurse to know ethics and ethical considerations and then apply abstract principles to specific cases, this method brings the relevant ethical consideration to the physician/nurse and asks them to do what they do best - make a medical judgment. 4. Conclusion. Catholics are duty-bound to follow their well-formed consciences when considering open questions. This tool should help physicians/nurses employ their conscience to arrive at a sound ethical decision. 5. The Ultimate Goal. This tool is made into a free mobile application for all Catholic health professionals and students. The tool can then be expanded, edited, and updated by experts in medical ethics.
Combating Contractures: Improving Rehabilitation Treatment for Patients with Chronic Spinal Cord Injuries to Regain Functional Movement and Improve Quality of Life
Creator:
Mauger, Sadie
Description:
Presented at the 2024 Indiana Physiological Society Conference.
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Language:
English
Type:
Poster
Keyword:
rehabilitation treatment, spinal chord injury (SCI), standard of care, secondary complications, spasticity, and contracture
Comparison of Human Cytokine Array, Cytokine Bead Arrays, and Protein ELISA in determining cytokine production in media supernatant from in vitro strain of human dermal fibroblasts
Creator:
Anloague, Aric and Lowery, Jonathan W.
Description:
This experiment analyzes three different techniques used in literature to detect cytokine release from cells in vitro: the Human Cytokine Array (HCA) by R&D Systems, the BD Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) assay, and protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The model used to test these assays was a human dermal fibroblast cell culture that was subjected to strain profiles by the Flexcell FX-6000 that include a repetitive motion injury, a profile with the injury strain as well as a strain representing myofascial release, and a control that was not strained. Each of these techniques analyzed the conditioned media of the cultures collected 96 hours after the strain profile was completed. The HCA was proficient at analyzing a large amount of cytokines at once, though was less sensitive than the other assays. The CBA measured six cytokines at once and showed high sensitivity in detecting differing concentrations in the conditioned media. The ELISA could only measure one cytokine at a time, but also showed high sensitivity in detecting differing concentrations in the conditioned media. This experiment also looked at the cost and amount of sample used. This experiment also considers price, amount of sample used and duration of the assay to determine ideal situations to use each technique.
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Type:
Article
Keyword:
Medical Microbiology, Cell Phenomena and Immunity, Medical Cell Biology, and Biological Phenomena
Comparison of Human Cytokine Array, Cytokine Bead Arrays, and Protein ELISA in determining cytokine production in media supernatant from in vitro strain of human dermal fibroblasts
Creator:
Anloague, Aric and Lowery, Jonathan W.
Description:
This experiment analyzes three different techniques used in literature to detect cytokine release from cells in vitro: the Human Cytokine Array (HCA) by R&D Systems, the BD Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) assay, and protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The model used to test these assays was a human dermal fibroblast cell culture that was subjected to strain profiles by the Flexcell FX-6000 that include a repetitive motion injury, a profile with the injury strain as well as a strain representing myofascial release, and a control that was not strained. Each of these techniques analyzed the conditioned media of the cultures collected 96 hours after the strain profile was completed. The HCA was proficient at analyzing a large amount of cytokines at once, though was less sensitive than the other assays. The CBA measured six cytokines at once and showed high sensitivity in detecting differing concentrations in the conditioned media. The ELISA could only measure one cytokine at a time, but also showed high sensitivity in detecting differing concentrations in the conditioned media. This experiment also looked at the cost and amount of sample used. This experiment also considers price, amount of sample used and duration of the assay to determine ideal situations to use each technique.
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Language:
English
Keyword:
injury strain, Human Cytokine Array (HCA), BD Cytometric Bead Array, protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and myofascial release
Confirmation of the Presence of Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Nina Mason Pulliam EcoLab (NMPE) by Kirby Bauer Assays and Genome Sequencing
Creator:
Malhi, Jaipal , Lex, Jake, Hodges, Angela, Khan, Z., Francois, Chaina , and Akbar, Samina
Description:
Antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria pose a serious threat to an individual’s health, and the presence of AR genes can lead to the development of “superbugs” that are resistant to currently used antibiotics. Identifying local reservoirs that house AR bacterial strains has become critical. The main objective of our project was to identify the presence and cause of bacterial resistance in gram-negative bacteria collected from Jensen Lake at the Nina Mason Pulliam Ecolab (NMPE). This research was conducted via two protocols. To test for AR, gram-negative bacteria isolated from the NMPE water samples were subjected to Kirby-Bauer assays (Fig. 1). To test for the presence of AR genes, genomic DNA was purified from the bacterial isolates and sent to an outside vendor (ID Genomics) for identification of potential AR genes through PCR amplification and sequencing (Fig. 2)
Confirmation of the Presence of Antibiotic Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Nina Mason Pulliam EcoLab (NMPE) by Kirby Bauer Assays and Genome Sequencing
Creator:
Malhi, Jaipal , Lex, Jake , Hodges, Angela , Khan, Z., Francois, Chaina , and Akbar, Samina
Contributor:
Purdue University
Description:
Antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria pose a serious threat to an individual’s health, and the presence of AR genes can lead to the development of “superbugs” that are resistant to currently used antibiotics. Identifying local reservoirs that house AR bacterial strains has become critical. The main objective of our project was to identify the presence and cause of bacterial resistance in gram-negative bacteria collected from Jensen Lake at the Nina Mason Pulliam Ecolab (NMPE). This research was conducted via two protocols. To test for AR, gram-negative bacteria isolated from the NMPE water samples were subjected to Kirby-Bauer assays (Fig. 1). To test for the presence of AR genes, genomic DNA was purified from the bacterial isolates and sent to an outside vendor (ID Genomics) for identification of potential AR genes through PCR amplification and sequencing (Fig. 2).
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Language:
English
Type:
Poster
Keyword:
Antibiotic resistant (AR) bacteria, gram-negative bacteria , Jensen Lake, Nina Mason Pulliam Ecolab (NMPE), Kirby-Bauer assay, and PCR amplification and sequencing
Diagnosis of Agglomeration and Crystallinity of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Over the Counter Headache Medication by Electrospray Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Creator:
Khan, Salah, McVey, Patrick, Taulbee-Cotton, Brynne, Webster, G, Van Meter, Mariann, Hubbard, Nathan, Dimmitt, Nathan, and Green, Adam
Related Url Tesim:
Available from the publisher: https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/3/610 and Available from PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33503894/
Description:
Agglomeration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in tablets can lead to decreased bioavailability in some enabling formulations. In a previous study, we determined that crystalline APIs can be detected as agglomeration in tablets formulated with amorphous acetaminophen tablets. Multiple method advancements are presented to better resolve agglomeration caused by crystallinity in standard tablets. In this study, we also evaluate three "budget" over-the-counter headache medications (subsequently labeled as brands A, B, and C) for agglomeration of the three APIs in the formulation: Acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine. Electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (ELDI-MSI) was used to diagnose agglomeration in the tablets by creating molecular images and observing the spatial distributions of the APIs. Brand A had virtually no agglomeration or clustering of the active ingredients. Brand B had extensive clustering of aspirin and caffeine, but acetaminophen was observed in near equal abundance across the tablet. Brand C also had extensive clustering of aspirin and caffeine, and minor clustering of acetaminophen. These results show that agglomeration with active ingredients in over-the-counter tablets can be simultaneously detected using ELDI-MS imaging.
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
License Tesim:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language:
English
Publisher:
MDPI
Identifier:
PMID: 33503894 and DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030610
Type:
Article
Keyword:
imaging, mass spectrometry, agglomeration, crystallinity, pharmaceuticals, MSI, and ELDI
Don’t bug me…I’m taking a bath! A Case Study on Hot Tub Lung
Creator:
Renz, Lindsay N., Reed, V., and Rohr-Kirchgraber, Theresa
Description:
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a unique form of interstitial lung disease that is diverse in its presentation and etiology. • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is mediated by an inflammatory reaction to inhalation of an environmental antigen. It is described as a mixed III/IV hypersensitivity reaction that is characterized by lymphocyte predominance and high CD4:CD8 ratio. • Hot tub lung is one etiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis which can occur from exposure to mycobacterium antigens in water-related contamination, most notably hot tubs. • It most commonly presents with patients who have underlying lung disease or are immunocompromised. However, there has recently been an increase in hot tub lung in otherwise healthy individuals. 58-year old African American female with a history of hypertension and stage 3 breast cancer status post 3 cycles of cyclophosphamide/docetaxel presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with persistent dyspnea, dry cough, and fever. She was discharged earlier that day with a diagnosis of dyspnea with suspicion of pneumonitis after 2 day admission and extensive work-up. Upon discharge, she reported worsening dyspnea with exertion, dry cough, and fever, and returned. While the patient’s vague symptoms of dyspnea and fever did not point to a specific diagnosis, the additional history revealed possible exposure to mycobacterium antigen through “hot tub like” contamination. • Repeating the history to dig deeper into the patient's daily activities revealed an essential piece of information that led to the diagnosis. • This case is one of the first cases to document hot tub lung in a bathtub.
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Language:
English
Type:
Poster
Keyword:
bathtub, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Hot tub lung, and mycobacterium antigen
Found in Advances in Microbiology, https://www.scirp.org/pdf/aim_2020082015540201.pdf and Background: Farnesol is added to numerous consumer products that intentionally, or inadvertently come in contact with tissues that may harbor the opportunistic yeast, Candida albicans. Objective: This study explores biological consequences of the exposure of Candida albicans from community infections or from a panel of antifungal drug resistant organisms on growth and survival of these organisms when exposed to farnesol. Methods: ATCC supplied Candida albicans from the MP8 drug resistance panel and an additional 12 strains of community-acquired Candida albicans were cultured in the presence of farnesol. With standard micobiologic techniques and flow cytometry evaluation, a series of experiments considered growth, morphology, viability and entrance into the quiescent persister phenotype of Candida with emphasis on differences between drug resistant and community organisms. Results: Differences growth yield, relative cell size and heat susceptibility distinguished the community organisms from the drug-resistant organisms. Using a subset of these organisms, exposure to farnesol resulted in diminished growth, inhibited hyphal growth, diminished cell membrane integrity and increased heat stress susceptibility. Data provided suggest that exposure to farnesol pushes cultures of Candida albicans toward the quiescent persister phenotype. Conclusion: Exposure of drug resistant and community strains of Candida albicans are modestly affected by farnesol in ways that may lessen their pathogenic potential. In contrast, the tendency of farnesol to engender greater numbers of quiescent organisms could support persistence of Candida.
Rights statement:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/
Identifier:
10.4236/aim.2020.108028
Type:
Article
Keyword:
Farnesol and Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Applications